Ayas Castle and Suleiman's Tower - 3 June 2021

    Ayas Castle is located in Yumurtalık on the western shore of Iskenderun Bay, approx. 60 km southeast of Adana. The place served as a significant port since the 3rd century BC when Seleukos Nikator founded Aigeai (Sayar 2010). This status persisted in the Middle Ages, especially after the Crusaders lost control of the Levantine ports in the last quarter of the 12th century. The great Venetian traveler, Marco Polo, visited Ayas on his way to and from China in 1271 and 1296, respectively. The current standing structure seems to have been erected by the Turks in the 16th century (Edwards 1987) and is more of a fortress than a castle. 

So-called Ayas Castle *

Mopsuestia / Misis - 27 March 2021

    Almost everything worth seeing at Misis is clustered around the 4th century AD Roman bridge on the Pyramos river (Ceyhan). Only the Roman windmill (G) is a bit further down the watercourse, but still within walking distance. Nothing was easily accessible on the day of my visit, and I was taking pictures from behind fences. Among notable structures unearthed at Misis to date is a neo-Hittite citadel from the 8th century BC located at the excavation mound (F). It means an ancient city already prospered here in the first centuries of the 1st  millennium BC. Its Hittite name could be Pahri as suggested by Prof. Helmuth Bossert in 1950s (misis.isma.cnr.it).

Mopsuestia / Misis (A) *

Tarsus - Grand Mosque (Ulu Cami) - 13 March 2021

    The Grand Mosque was erected in 1579 by Ibrahim Bey, a member of the Ramazanoğlu family. It was built with blocks of limestone on the plan of rectangle. The longer walls were laid on the east-west axis. There is a courtyard adjacent to the northern wall of the structure with a peristyle and a fountain as architectural elements. The peristyle is covered with a number of small domes. The place offers that special lazy atmosphere enjoyed by many (me for sure!).

Grand Mosque's marble entrance *

Adana, Tepebağ - July 2020

    Tepebağ is a historical neighbourhood in the old town of Adana. It sits on a hill situated on the western bank of the Seyhan River which was navigable until 1950s when the Seyhan Dam was built for irrigation, electricity and flood prevention. Tepebağ is the place where the first Adana settlement was established in the Late Bronze Age, around 1500 BC. Unfortunately, the archaeological excavations on site, conducted by Çukurova University first and later by Bern University, were relatively short and small-scaled. Nevertheless, the scholars unearthed some interesting artefacts that are now displayed at Adana Museum. The current character of Tepebağ is rooted in the Ottoman period and the local history of Turks, Arabs and Armenians.

Tepebağ indeed *

Flaviopolis (Ala Mosque) / Kadirli - 19 July 2020

    Flaviopolis was the ancient city founded by Emperor Vespasian in AD 73 (Sayar 2010) Vespasian was a member of the Flavian family which gave the name to the polis. The foundation took place a year after the Seleucids were finally stripped of their lands by Vespasian and Cilicia became fully Roman. Flaviopolis was the last city built in the region by the Romans (Sayar 2010). It is yet to be definitely confirmed that Kadirli is Flaviopolis, but the objects unearthed in situ, i.e. a Roman bath and villa with mosaics are strong leads in favour of such hypothesis. Today, where the city once stood, we can see a basilica from the 5th century, which was converted into a mosque, called Ala, in the Middle Ages.      

Looking from west *