Via Tauri at Sağlıklı * |
Thursday 5 May 2022
Via Tauri - Sağlıklı - 2 May 2022
Tuesday 3 May 2022
Gülek Castle - 2 May 2022
Typical Armenian gate (A on plan) * |
Monday 16 August 2021
Kanytelis / Kanlıdivane - 3 August 2021
Kanytelis is an ancient settlement that came to life in the 3rd century BC, during the Hellenistic period. Interestingly, it never turned into a city and kept its rural character for centuries. Kanytelis was controlled by the Kingdom of Olba, and later, in the Roman period, by the city of Elaiussa-Sebaste. The village grew around a limestone sinkhole measuring 142 x 95 m and 50 m deep. The cavern, accessible in antiquity, had a sacred precinct at its bottom (Hill 1996). Religious activities continued into the Christian period. In the 5th century at least five churches were built in Kanytelis, four of which can still be traced today. The settlement was abandoned in the 7th century and re-occupied by the Ottomans in the 16th century.
Kanytelis (Kanlıdivane) * |
Saturday 14 August 2021
Cennet-Cehennem (Heaven and Hell) - 29 July 2021
Church of Virgin Mary at Cennet-Cehennem* |
Tuesday 10 August 2021
Meryemlık (Sanctuary of Saint Thecla ) - 22 July 2021
Thecla was born in Ikonion (Konya) in the 1st century AD. She was a follower of Paul the Apostle, known as Saint Paul, and became a saint herself. She lived in the times difficult for Christians as the Roman Empire did not want the religion to spread. It forced Thecla to spend the last years of her life hiding in a cave near Seleukia (Silifke). Years after her death, in AD 313, the Edict of Milano imposed tolerance for Christianity within the empire. The new circumstances favoured the idea of turning the cave into a subterranean church what happened in the 4th century. Around the same time another church was built above the cave and the sanctuary became a popular pilgrimage destination (Hill 1996). This over-ground church was replaced by an impressive basilica erected in the second half of the 5th century.
Saint Thecla Cave Church * |
Saturday 7 August 2021
Alahan Monastery - 22 July 2021
Alahan is a complex of sacral buildings erected in the 5th century AD. The ancient name of the site could be Apadnas. It is located in the Göksu (ancient Kalykadnos) Valley in Mersin Province (then Isauria). The complex is believed to be planned as a pilgrimage centre and only later became a monastery (Hill 1996). It was built during the reign of Emperor Leo I, and later Emperor Zeno, in the time when the Isaurians rose to prominence in the court of Constantinople. A closer archeological survey by Gough in 1950s led to a conclusion the site was never finished.
Alahan - West Church * |
Thursday 3 June 2021
Ayas Castle and Suleiman's Tower - 3 June 2021
Ayas Castle is located in Yumurtalık on the western shore of Iskenderun Bay, approx. 60 km southeast of Adana. The place served as a significant port since the 3rd century BC when Seleukos Nikator founded Aigeai (Sayar 2010). This status persisted in the Middle Ages, especially after the Crusaders lost control of the Levantine ports in the last quarter of the 12th century. The great Venetian traveler, Marco Polo, visited Ayas on his way to and from China in 1271 and 1296, respectively. The current standing structure seems to have been erected by the Turks in the 16th century (Edwards 1987) and is more of a fortress than a castle.
So-called Ayas Castle * |
Saturday 27 March 2021
Mopsuestia / Misis - 27 March 2021
Almost everything worth seeing at Misis is clustered around the 4th century AD Roman bridge on the Pyramos river (Ceyhan). Only the Roman windmill (G) is a bit further down the watercourse, but still within walking distance. Nothing was easily accessible on the day of my visit, and I was taking pictures from behind fences. Among notable structures unearthed at Misis to date is a neo-Hittite citadel from the 8th century BC located at the excavation mound (F). It means an ancient city already prospered here in the first centuries of the 1st millennium BC. Its Hittite name could be Pahri as suggested by Prof. Helmuth Bossert in 1950s (misis.isma.cnr.it).
Mopsuestia / Misis (A) * |
Monday 15 March 2021
Tarsus - Donuktaş Roman Temple - 13 March 2021
I spotted a small brown plaque while driving through Tarsus. The name on it, 'Donuktaş Roman Temple', was completely strange to me what sparked my interest. When I arrived there I saw a massive foundation of a former temple dedicated to Emperor Hadrian. The 2nd century AD structure, erected on the plan of rectangle, was 133,5 m long, 60,5 m wide and over 30 m high. The dimensions place it among the largest temples of the Ancient World (Tarsus Museum).
Donuktaş Roman Temple * |
Sunday 14 March 2021
Tarsus - Grand Mosque (Ulu Cami) - 13 March 2021
Grand Mosque's marble entrance * |
Wednesday 20 January 2021
Tumlu (Dumlu) Castle - 19 January 2021
Tumlu Castle is an Armenian castle built in the 12th century. The handsome structure sits on a limestone outcrop ca. 150 m high. The Armenians were not the first to occupy the place as fragments of a Roman pottery, dated to the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, were found in situ (Pekol 2015). Within the stronghold's solid walls a garrison was stationed which protected an auxiliary trail from modern-day Imamoğlu town to the Kozan-Ceyhan road (Edwards 1987). The castle underwent restoration works in 2014-15 that had to be halted due to safety issues (Pekol 2015). At the time of my visit there was no tourist-friendly access to the interior. To get inside I climbed up an almost vertical rocky wall and squeezed myself through a postern in one of the towers.
Tumlu Castle from east * |
Yılankale (Snake Castle) - 19 January 2021 & 1 September 2018
Wednesday 23 December 2020
Karasis - Hellenistic Fortress - 22 December 2020
Karasis' 60-meter-long granary * |
Saturday 5 December 2020
Kastabala / Kesmeburun - 19 November 2020
Kastabala * |
Anazarbos (Anavarza) / Dilekkaya - Upper City - 10 October 2020
Anazarbos from northwest * |
Magarsos (Magarsus) / Karataş - 21 September 2020
Magarsos theatre, 5th century BC; capacity c. 4000 (Dervişoğlu 2016) |
Friday 4 December 2020
Elaiussa-Sebaste / Ayaş - 13 September 2020
Elaiussa-Sebaste - aqueduct arch * |
Tuesday 24 November 2020
Olba - 7 September 2020
Nymphaion at Olba (immediately east of A) * |
Monday 23 November 2020
Uzuncaburç, Roman Road - 7 September 2020
Roman Road at Uzuncaburç * |
Sunday 22 November 2020
Diokaisareia (Diocaesarea) / Uzuncaburç - 7 September 2020
Propylaia of Diokaisareia (A) * |
Adamkayalar (Men of Rock) - 31 August 2020
Kozan (Sis) Castle - 1 August 2020
Ascent from east * |
Saturday 21 November 2020
Kozan, Arıkan Mansion - 31 July 2020
Adana, Tepebağ - July 2020
Tepebağ indeed * |
Karatepe - 19 July 2020
Karatepe - neo-Hittite lion * |
Friday 20 November 2020
Flaviopolis (Ala Mosque) / Kadirli - 19 July 2020
Looking from west * |